Emollients and cosmetic compositions

ABSTRACT

A cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition containing: (a) at least one 2-methylpropane-1,3-diol monoester; (b) optionally, a surfactant/emulsifier; (c) optionally, an oil component; and (d) optionally, water.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to new ester-based oil components which mayreadily be incorporated in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations,show good dermatological compatibility and provide cosmetic formulationswith a particularly light feeling on the skin.

PRIOR ART

Cosmetic skin-care and hair-care emulsions are expected by the consumerto satisfy a number of requirements: apart from the cleaning and careeffects which determine the particular application, importance isattributed to such different parameters as high dermatologicalcompatibility, good lipid layer enhancing properties, elegantappearance, optimal sensory impression and stability in storage.

Besides a number of surface-active substances, preparations used toclean and care for the human skin and hair generally contain above alloil components and water. The oil components (emollients) used include,for example, hydrocarbons, ester oils and vegetable and animaloils/fats/waxes. In order to meet stringent commercial requirements inregard to sensory properties and optimal dermatological compatibility,new oil components and emulsifier mixtures are being continuallydeveloped and tested.

The problem addressed by the present invention was to provide newemollients for cosmetic applications which would have hydrophilic andlipophilic properties and which, therefore, could readily beincorporated in a number of cosmetic formulations. It has surprisinglybeen found that monoesters of 2-methylpropane-1,3-diol solve thisproblem.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, the present invention relates to 2-methylpropane-1,3-diolmonoesters corresponding to formula (I):

in which R¹ is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched C₆₋₃₀alkyl group or an aromatic residue. R¹ is preferably a linear, saturatedC₁₂₋₂₄ alkyl group.

The class of compounds in question has a combination of hydrophilic andlipophilic properties which makes them particularly suitable forcosmetic applications.

The present invention also relates to the use of2-methylpropane-1,3-diol monoesters, preferably monoesters of formula(I), in which R¹ is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranchedC₆₋₃₀ alkyl group or an aromatic residue, in cosmetic and/orpharmaceutical preparations. The use of monoesters, in which R¹ is alinear, saturated C₁₂₋₂₄ alkyl group, is particularly preferred.

The present invention also relates to a process for the production of2-methylpropane-1,3-diol monoesters corresponding to formula (I), inwhich R¹ is a saturated or unsaturated and/or branched or unbranchedC₆₋₃₀ alkyl group, characterized in that

-   -   (a) 2-methylpropane-1,3-diol is esterified with a carboxylic        acid R¹-COOH in the presence of a tin catalyst until the        formation of water is over,    -   (b) the reaction product is filtered off through Tonsil and    -   (c) the monoester is purified by fractional distillation.

Suitable tin catalysts are, for example, tin oxalate (for exampleFascat® 2001), tin oxide (SnO, Fascat® 2000) and tin(IV) catalysts, suchas dibutyl tin diacetate (Fascat® 4200), dibutyl tin oxide (Fascat®4201) and dibutyl tin laurate (Fascat® 4202). Tin oxide (SnO) isparticularly suitable for the purposes of the invention. In principle,the esterification may also be carried out in the presence of zinc oxideor an acid as catalyst or even without a catalyst although the yield andpurity of the products are poorer in such cases.

Cosmetic/Pharmaceutical Preparations

The emollients according to the invention allow the production of stablecosmetic and pharmaceutical emulsions. Accordingly, the presentinvention also relates to cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical preparationscontaining at least one 2-methylpropane-1,3-diol monoester. In apreferred embodiment, the cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical preparationscontain 0.1 to 40% by weight of at least one 2-methylpropane-1,3-diolmonoester. Preparations containing 2-methylpropane-1,3-diol monoestersof formula (I) are particularly preferred.

The cosmetic preparations according to the invention are preferably bodycare formulations, for example creams, milks, lotions, sprayableemulsions, products for eliminating body odor, etc. The compoundsaccording to the invention may also be used in surfactant-containingformulations such as, for example, foam and shower baths, hair shampoosand care rinses. Depending on the particular application envisaged, thecosmetic formulations contain a number of other auxiliaries andadditives such as, for example, surfactants, other oil components,emulsifiers, pearlizing waxes, consistency factors, thickeners,superfatting agents, stabilizers, polymers, silicone compounds, fats,waxes, lecithins, phospholipids, biogenic agents, UV protection factors,antioxidants, deodorants, antiperspirants, antidandruff agents, filmformers, swelling agents, insect repellents, self-tanning agents,tyrosinase inhibitors (depigmenting agents), hydrotropes, solubilizers,preservatives, perfume oils, dyes, etc. which are listed by way ofexample in the following.

Surfactants

The surfactants present may be anionic, nonionic, cationic and/oramphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants. In surfactant-containingcosmetic preparations such as, for example, shower gels, foam baths,shampoos, etc., at least one anionic surfactant is preferably present.In this case, the percentage content of surfactants is normally about 1to 30% by weight, preferably 5 to 25% by weight and more particularly 10to 20% by weight.

Typical examples of anionic surfactants are soaps, alkylbenzene-sulfonates, alkanesulfonates, olefin sulfonates, alkylethersulfonates, glycerol ether sulfonates, α-methyl ester sulfonates,sulfofatty acids, alkyl sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, glycerolether sulfates, fatty acid ether sulfates, hydroxy mixed ether sulfates,monoglyceride (ether) sulfates, fatty acid amide (ether) sulfates, mono-and dialkyl sulfosuccinates, mono- and dialkyl sulfosuccinamates,sulfotriglycerides, amide soaps, ether carboxylic acids and saltsthereof, fatty acid isethionates, fatty acid sarcosinates, fatty acidtaurides, N-acylamino acids such as, for example, acyl lactylates, acyltartrates, acyl glutamates and acyl aspartates, alkyl oligoglucosidesulfates, protein fatty acid condensates (particularly wheat-basedvegetable products) and alkyl (ether) phosphates. If the anionicsurfactants contain polyglycol ether chains, they may have aconventional homolog distribution although they preferably have anarrow-range homolog distribution. Typical examples of nonionicsurfactants are fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, alkylphenol polyglycolethers, fatty acid polyglycol esters, fatty acid amide polyglycolethers, fatty amine polyglycol ethers, alkoxylated tri-glycerides, mixedethers and mixed formals, optionally partly oxidized alk(en)yloligoglycosides or glucuronic acid derivatives, fatty acid-N-alkylglucamides, protein hydrolyzates (particularly wheat-based vegetableproducts), polyol fatty acid esters, sugar esters, sorbitan esters,polysorbates and amine oxides. If the nonionic surfactants containpolyglycol ether chains, they may have a conventional homologdistribution, although they preferably have a narrow-range homologdistribution. Typical examples of cationic surfactants are quaternaryammonium compounds, for example dimethyl distearyl ammonium chloride,and esterquats, more particularly quaternized fatty acid trialkanolamineester salts. Typical examples of amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactantsare alkylbetaines, alkylamidobetaines, aminopropionates,aminoglycinates, imidazolinium betaines and sulfobetaines. Thesurfactants mentioned are all known compounds. Information on theirstructure and production can be found in relevant synoptic works in thisfield. Typical examples of particularly suitable mild, i.e. particularlydermatologically compatible, surfactants are fatty alcohol polyglycolether sulfates, monoglyceride sulfates, mono-and/or dialkylsulfosuccinates, fatty acid isethionates, fatty acid sarcosinates, fattyacid taurides, fatty acid glutamates, α-olefin sulfonates, ethercarboxylic acids, alkyl oligoglucosides, fatty acid glucamides,alkylamidobetaines, amphoacetals and/or protein fatty acid condensates,preferably based on wheat proteins.

Oil Components

Body care preparations, such as creams, lotions and milks, normallycontain a number of other oil components and emollients which contributetowards further optimizing their sensory properties. The oil componentsare normally present in a total quantity of 0.1 to 50% by weight,preferably 5 to 25% by weight and more particularly 5 to 15% by weight.Suitable oil components are, for example, Guerbet alcohols based onfatty alcohols containing 6 to 18 and preferably 8 to 10 carbon atoms,esters of linear C₆₋₂₂ fatty acids with linear or branched C₆₋₂₂ fattyalcohols or esters of branched C₆₋₁₃ carboxylic acids with linear orbranched C₆₋₂₂ fatty alcohols such as, for example, myristyl myristate,myristyl palmitate, myristyl stearate, myristyl isostearate, myristyloleate, myristyl behenate, myristyl erucate, cetyl myristate, cetylpalmitate, cetyl stearate, cetyl isostearate, cetyl oleate, cetylbehenate, cetyl erucate, stearyl myristate, stearyl palmitate, stearylstearate, stearyl isostearate, stearyl oleate, stearyl behenate, stearylerucate, isostearyl myristate, isostearyl palmitate, isostearylstearate, isostearyl isostearate, isostearyl oleate, isostearylbehenate, isostearyl oleate, oleyl myristate, oleyl palmitate, oleylstearate, oleyl isostearate, oleyl oleate, oleyl behenate, oleylerucate, behenyl myristate, behenyl palmitate, behenyl stearate, behenylisostearate, behenyl oleate, behenyl behenate, behenyl erucate, erucylmyristate, erucyl palmitate, erucyl stearate, erucyl isostearate, erucyloleate, erucyl behenate and erucyl erucate. Also suitable are esters oflinear C₆₋₂₂ fatty acids with branched alcohols, more particularly2-ethyl hexanol, esters of C₁₈₋₃₈ alkylhydroxycarboxylic acids withlinear or branched C₆₋₂₂ fatty alcohols, more especially Dioctyl Malate,esters of linear and/or branched fatty acids with polyhydric alcohols(for example propylene glycol, dimer diol or trimer triol) and/orGuerbet alcohols, triglycerides based on C₆₋₁₀ fatty acids, liquidmono-, di- and triglyceride mixtures based on C₆₋₁₈ fatty acids, estersof C₆₋₂₂ fatty alcohols and/or Guerbet alcohols with aromatic carboxylicacids, more particularly benzoic acid, esters of C₂₋₁₂ dicarboxylicacids with linear or branched alcohols containing 1 to 22 carbon atomsor polyols containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms and 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups,vegetable oils, branched primary alcohols, substituted cyclohexanes,linear and branched C₆₋₂₂ fatty alcohol carbonates, such as DicaprylylCarbonate (Cetiol® CC) for example, Guerbet carbonates based on C₆₋₁₈and preferably C₈₋₁₀ fatty alcohols, esters of benzoic acid with linearand/or branched C₆₋₂₂ alcohols (for example Finsolv® TN), linear orbranched, symmetrical or nonsymmetrical dialkyl ethers containing 6 to22 carbon atoms per alkyl group, such as Dicaprylyl Ether (Cetiol® OE)for example, ring opening products of epoxidized fatty acid esters withpolyols, silicone oils (cyclomethicone, silicon methicone types, etc.)and/or aliphatic or naphthenic hydrocarbons such as, for example,squalane, squalene or dialkyl cyclohexanes.

Emulsifiers

Suitable emulsifiers are, for example, nonionic surfactants from atleast one of the following groups:

-   -   products of the addition of 2 to 30 mol ethylene oxide and/or 0        to 5 mol propylene oxide onto linear C₆₋₂₂ fatty alcohols, onto        C₁₂₋₂₂ fatty acids, onto alkyl phenols containing 8 to 15 carbon        atoms in the alkyl group and onto alkylamines containing 8 to 22        carbon atoms in the alkyl group;    -   alkyl oligoglycosides containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms in the        alkyl group and ethoxylated analogs thereof;    -   addition products of 1 to 15 mol ethylene oxide onto castor oil        and/or hydrogenated castor oil;    -   addition products of 15 to 60 mol ethylene oxide onto castor oil        and/or hydrogenated castor oil;    -   partial esters of glycerol and/or sorbitan with unsaturated,        linear or saturated, branched fatty acids containing 12 to 22        carbon atoms and/or hydroxycarboxylic acids containing 3 to 18        carbon atoms and addition products thereof onto 1 to 30 mol        ethylene oxide;    -   partial esters of polyglycerol (average degree of        self-condensation 2 to 8), polyethylene glycol (molecular weight        400 to 5,000), trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, sugar        alcohols (for example sorbitol), alkyl glucosides (for example        methyl glucoside, butyl glucoside, lauryl glucoside) and        polyglucosides (for example cellulose) with saturated and/or        unsaturated, linear or branched fatty acids containing 12 to 22        carbon atoms and/or hydroxycarboxylic acids containing 3 to 18        carbon atoms and addition products thereof onto 1 to 30 mol        ethylene oxide;    -   mixed esters of pentaerythritol, fatty acids, citric acid and        fatty alcohol and/or mixed esters of fatty acids containing 6 to        22 carbon atoms, methyl glucose and polyols, preferably glycerol        or polyglycerol,    -   mono-, di- and trialkyl phosphates and mono-, di- and/or        tri-PEG-alkyl phosphates and salts thereof,    -   wool wax alcohols,    -   polysiloxane/polyalkyl/polyether copolymers and corresponding        derivatives,    -   block copolymers, for example Polyethyleneglycol-30        Dipolyhydroxystearate;    -   polymer emulsifiers, for example Pemulen types (TR-1, TR-2) of        Goodrich;    -   polyalkylene glycols and    -   glycerol carbonate.        Ethylene oxide addition products

The addition products of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide ontofatty alcohols, fatty acids, alkylphenols or onto castor oil are knowncommercially available products. They are homolog mixtures of which theaverage degree of alkoxylation corresponds to the ratio between thequantities of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide and substrate withwhich the addition reaction is carried out. C₁₂₋₁₈ fatty acid monoestersand diesters of addition products of ethylene oxide onto glycerol areknown as lipid layer enhancers for cosmetic formulations.

Sorbitan Esters

Suitable sorbitan esters are sorbitan monoisostearate, sorbitansesquiisostearate, sorbitan diisostearate, sorbitan triisostearate,sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan dioleate, sorbitantrioleate, sorbitan monoerucate, sorbitan sesquierucate, sorbitandierucate, sorbitan trierucate, sorbitan monoricinoleate, sorbitansesquiricinoleate, sorbitan diricinoleate, sorbitan triricinoleate,sorbitan monohydroxystearate, sorbitan sesquihydroxystearate, sorbitandihydroxystearate, sorbitan trihydroxystearate, sorbitan monotartrate,sorbitan sesquitartrate, sorbitan ditartrate, sorbitan tritartrate,sorbitan monocitrate, sorbitan sesquicitrate, sorbitan dicitrate,sorbitan tricitrate, sorbitan monomaleate, sorbitan sesquimaleate,sorbitan dimaleate, sorbitan trimaleate and technical mixtures thereof.Addition products of 1 to 30 and preferably 5 to 10 mol ethylene oxideonto the sorbitan esters mentioned are also suitable.

Polyglycerol Esters

Typical examples of suitable polyglycerol esters are Polyglyceryl-2Dipolyhydroxystearate (Dehymuls® PGPH), Polyglycerin-3-Diisostearate(Lameform® TGI), Polyglyceryl-4 Isostearate (Isolan® GI 34),Polyglyceryl-3 Oleate, Diisostearoyl Polyglyceryl-3 Diisostearate(Isolan® PDI), Polyglyceryl-3 Methylglucose Distearate (Tego Care® 450),Polyglyceryl-3 Beeswax (Cera Bellina®), Polyglyceryl-4 Caprate(Polyglycerol Caprate T2010/90), Polyglyceryl-3 Cetyl Ether (Chimexane®NL), Polyglyceryl-3 Distearate (Cremophor® GS 32) and PolyglycerylPolyricinoleate (Admul® WOL 1403), Polyglyceryl Dimerate Isostearate andmixtures thereof. Examples of other suitable polyolesters are the mono-,di- and triesters of trimethylolpropane or pentaerythritol with lauricacid, cocofatty acid, tallow fatty acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid,oleic acid, behenic acid and the like optionally reacted with 1 to 30mol ethylene oxide.

Anionic Emulsifiers

Typical anionic emulsifiers are aliphatic fatty acids containing 12 to22 carbon atoms such as, for example, palmitic acid, stearic acid orbehenic acid and dicarboxylic acids containing 12 to 22 carbon atomssuch as, for example, azelaic acid or sebacic acid.

Amphoteric and Cationic Emulsifiers

Other suitable emulsifiers are zwitterionic surfactants. Zwitterionicsurfactants are surface-active compounds which contain at least onequaternary ammonium group and at least one carboxylate and one sulfonategroup in the molecule. Particularly suitable zwitterionic surfactantsare the so-called betaines, such as the N-alkyl-N,N-dimethyl ammoniumglycinates, for example cocoalkyl dimethyl ammonium glycinate,N-acylaminopropyl-N,N-dimethyl ammonium glycinates, for examplecocoacylaminopropyl dimethyl ammonium glycinate, and2-alkyl-3-carboxymethyl-3-hydroxyethyl imidazolines containing 8 to 18carbon atoms in the alkyl or acyl group and cocoacylaminoethylhydroxyethyl carboxymethyl glycinate. The fatty acid amide derivativeknown under the CTFA name of Cocamidopropyl Betaine is particularlypreferred. Ampholytic surfactants are also suitable emulsifiers.Ampholytic surfactants are surface-active compounds which, in additionto a C_(8/18) alkyl or acyl group, contain at least one free amino groupand at least one —COOH— or —SO₃H— group in the molecule and which arecapable of forming inner salts. Examples of suitable ampholyticsurfactants are N-alkyl glycines, N-alkyl propionic acids,N-alkylaminobutyric acids, N-alkyliminodipropionic acids,N-hydroxyethyl-N-alkylamidopropyl glycines, N-alkyl taurines, N-alkylsarcosines, 2-alkylaminopropionic acids and alkylaminoacetic acidscontaining around 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group. Particularlypreferred ampholytic surfactants are N-coco-alkylaminopropionate,cocoacylaminoethyl aminopropionate and C_(12/18) acyl sarcosine.Finally, cationic surfactants are also suitable emulsifiers, those ofthe esterquat type, preferably methyl-quaternized difatty acidtriethanolamine ester salts, being particularly preferred.

According to the invention, preferred cosmetic and/or pharmaceuticalpreparations contain

-   -   (a) 0.1 to 30% by weight of at least one        2-methylpropane-1,3-diol monoester,    -   (b) 0.1 to 20% by weight of surfactants and/or emulsifiers        and/or co-emulsifiers,    -   (c) 0.1 to 40% by weight of other oil components and    -   (d) 0 to 98% by weight of water,        based on the composition as a whole.        Fats and Waxes

Fats and waxes are added to the body care products both as carecomponents and to increase the consistency of the cosmetic preparations.Typical examples of fats are glycerides, i.e. solid or liquid, vegetableor animal products which consist essentially of mixed glycerol esters ofhigher fatty acids. Fatty acid partial glycerides, i.e. technical mono-and/or diesters of glycerol with C₁₂₋₁₈ fatty acids, such as for exampleglycerol mono/dilaurate, palmitate or stearate, may also be used forthis purpose. Suitable waxes are inter alia natural waxes such as, forexample, candelilla wax, carnauba wax, Japan wax, espartograss wax, corkwax, guaruma wax, rice oil wax, sugar cane wax, ouricury wax, montanwax, beeswax, shellac wax, spermaceti, lanolin (wool wax), uropygialfat, ceresine, ozocerite (earth wax), petrolatum, paraffin waxes andmicrowaxes; chemically modified waxes (hard waxes) such as, for example,montan ester waxes, sasol waxes, hydrogenated jojoba waxes and syntheticwaxes such as, for example, polyalkylene waxes and polyethylene glycolwaxes. Besides the fats, other suitable additives are fat-likesubstances, such as lecithins and phospholipids. Lecithins are knownamong experts as glycerophospholipids which are formed from fatty acids,glycerol, phosphoric acid and choline by esterification. Accordingly,lecithins are also frequently referred to by experts as phosphatidylcholines (PCs). Examples of natural lecithins are the kephalins whichare also known as phosphatidic acids and which are derivatives of1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoric acids. By contrast, phospholipidsare generally understood to be mono- and preferably diesters ofphosphoric acid with glycerol (glycero-phosphates) which are normallyclassed as fats. Sphingosines and sphingolipids are also suitable.

Pearlizing Waxes

Suitable pearlizing waxes are, for example, alkylene glycol esters,especially ethylene glycol distearate; fatty acid alkanolamides,especially cocofatty acid diethanolamide; partial glycerides, especiallystearic acid monoglyceride; esters of polybasic, optionallyhydroxysubstituted carboxylic acids with fatty alcohols containing 6 to22 carbon atoms, especially long-chain esters of tartaric acid; fattycompounds, such as for example fatty alcohols, fatty ketones, fattyaldehydes, fatty ethers and fatty carbonates which contain in all atleast 24 carbon atoms, especially laurone and distearylether; fattyacids, such as stearic acid, hydroxystearic acid or behenic acid, ringopening products of olefin epoxides containing 12 to 22 carbon atomswith fatty alcohols containing 12 to 22 carbon atoms and/or polyolscontaining 2 to 15 carbon atoms and 2 to 10 hydroxyl groups and mixturesthereof.

Consistency Factors and Thickeners

The other consistency factors mainly used are fatty alcohols orhydroxyfatty alcohols containing 12 to 22 and preferably 16 to 18 carbonatoms and also partial glycerides, fatty acids or hydroxyfatty acids. Acombination of these substances with alkyl oligoglucosides and/or fattyacid N-methyl glucamides of the same chain length and/or polyglycerolpoly-12-hydroxystearates is preferably used. Suitable thickeners are,for example, Aerosil® types (hydrophilic silicas), polysaccharides, moreespecially xanthan gum, guar-guar, agar-agar, alginates and tyloses,carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl and hydroxypropyl cellulose,also relatively high molecular weight polyethylene glycol monoesters anddiesters of fatty acids, polyacrylates (for example Carbopols® andPemulen types [Goodrich]; Synthalens® [Sigma]; Keltrol types [Kelco];Sepigel types [Seppic]; Salcare types [Allied Colloids]),polyacrylamides, polymers, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone.Other consistency factors which have proved to be particularly effectiveare bentonites, for example Bentone® Gel VS-5PC (Rheox) which is amixture of cyclopentasiloxane, Disteardimonium Hectorite and propylenecarbonate. Other suitable consistency factors are surfactants such as,for example, ethoxylated fatty acid glycerides, esters of fatty acidswith polyols, for example pentaerythritol or trimethylol propane,narrow-range fatty alcohol ethox-ylates or alkyl oligoglucosides andelectrolytes, such as sodium chloride and ammonium chloride.

Superfatting Agents

Superfatting agents may be selected from such substances as, forexample, lanolin and lecithin and also polyethoxylated or acylatedlanolin and lecithin derivatives, polyol fatty acid esters,monoglycerides and fatty acid alkanolamides, the fatty acidalkanolamides also serving as foam stabilizers.

Stabilizers

Metal salts of fatty acids such as, for example, magnesium, aluminiumand/or zinc stearate or ricinoleate may be used as stabilizers.

Polymers

Suitable cationic polymers are, for example, cationic cellulosederivatives such as, for example, the quaternized hydroxyethyl celluloseobtainable from Amerchol under the name of Polymer JR 400®, cationicstarch, copolymers of diallyl ammonium salts and acrylamides,quaternized vinyl pyrrolidone/vinyl imidazole polymers such as, forexample, Luviquat® (BASF), condensation products of polyglycols andamines, quaternized collagen polypeptides such as, for example,Lauryldimonium Hydroxypropyl Hydrolyzed Collagen (Lamequat® L, Grünau),quaternized wheat poly-peptides, polyethyleneimine, cationic siliconepolymers such as, for example, amodimethicone, copolymers of adipic acidand dimethylamino-hydroxypropyl diethylenetriamine (Cartaretine®,Sandoz), copolymers of acrylic acid with dimethyl diallyl ammoniumchloride (Merquat® 550, Chemviron), polyaminopolyamides and crosslinkedwater-soluble polymers thereof, cationic chitin derivatives such as, forexample, quaternized chitosan, optionally in microcrystallinedistribution, condensation products of dihaloalkyls, for exampledibromobutane, with bis-dialkylamines, for examplebis-dimethylamino-1,3-propane, cationic guar gum such as, for example,Jaguar®CBS, Jaguar®C-17, Jaguar®C-16 of Celanese, quaternized ammoniumsalt polymers such as, for example, Mirapol® A-15, Mirapol® AD-1,Mirapol® AZ-1 of Miranol.

Suitable anionic, zwitterionic, amphoteric and nonionic polymers are,for example, vinyl acetate/crotonic acid copolymers, vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acrylate copolymers, vinyl acetate/butylmaleate/isobornyl acrylate copolymers, methyl vinylether/maleicanhydride copolymers and esters thereof, uncrosslinked andpolyol-crosslinked polyacrylic acids, acrylamido-propyltrimethylammonium chloride/acrylate copolymers, octylacryl-amide/methylmethacrylate/tert.-butylaminoethyl methacrylate/2-hydroxy-propylmethacrylate copolymers, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl pyrrolidone/vinylacetate copolymers, vinyl pyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate/vinyl caprolactam terpolymers and optionally derivatizedcellulose ethers and silicones.

Silicone Compounds

Suitable silicone compounds are, for example, dimethyl polysiloxanes,methylphenyl polysiloxanes, cyclic silicones and amino-, fatty acid-,alcohol-, polyether-, epoxy-, fluorine-, glycoside- and/oralkyl-modified silicone compounds which may be both liquid andresin-like at room temperature. Other suitable silicone compounds aresimethicones which are mixtures of dimethicones with an average chainlength of 200 to 300 dimethylsiloxane units and hydrogenated silicates.

UV Protection Factors and Antioxidants

UV protection factors in the context of the invention are, for example,organic substances (light filters) which are liquid or crystalline atroom temperature and which are capable of absorbing ultravioletradiation and of releasing the energy absorbed in the form oflonger-wave radiation, for example heat. UV-B filters can be oil-solubleor water-soluble. The following are examples of oil-soluble substances:

-   -   3-benzylidene camphor or 3-benzylidene norcamphor and        derivatives thereof, for example        3-(4-methylbenzylidene)-camphor, as described in EP 0693471 B1;    -   4-aminobenzoic acid derivatives, preferably        4-(dimethylamino)-benzoic acid-2-ethylhexyl ester,        4-(dimethylamino)-benzoic acid-2-octyl ester and        4-(dimethylamino)-benzoic acid amyl ester;    -   esters of cinnamic acid, preferably 4-methoxycinnamic        acid-2-ethylhexyl ester, 4-methoxycinnamic acid propyl ester,        4-methoxycinnamic acid isoamyl ester, 2-cyano-3,3-phenylcinnamic        acid-2-ethylhexyl ester (Octocrylene);    -   esters of salicylic acid, preferably salicylic acid-2-ethylhexyl        ester, salicylic acid-4-isopropylbenzyl ester, salicylic acid        homomenthyl ester;    -   derivatives of benzophenone, preferably        2-hydroxy4-methoxybenzo-phenone,        2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4′-methylbenzophenone,        2,2′-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone;    -   esters of benzalmalonic acid, preferably 4-methoxybenzalmalonic        acid di-2-ethylhexyl ester;    -   triazine derivatives such as, for example,        2,4,6-trianilino-(p-carbo-2′-ethyl-1′-hexyloxy)-1,3,5-triazine        and Octyl Triazone, as described in EP 0818450 A1, or Dioctyl        Butamido Triazone (Uvasorb® HEB);    -   propane-1,3-diones such as, for example,        1-(4-tert.butylphenyl)-3-(4′-methoxyphenyl)-propane-1,3-dione;    -   ketotricyclo(5.2.1.0)decane derivatives as described in EP        0694521 B1.

Suitable water-soluble substances are

-   -   2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid and alkali metal, alkaline        earth metal, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium and        glucammonium salts thereof;    -   sulfonic acid derivatives of benzophenones, preferably        2-hydroxy4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid and salts        thereof;    -   sulfonic acid derivatives of 3-benzylidene camphor such as, for        example, 4-(2-oxo-3-bornylidenemethyl)-benzene sulfonic acid and        2-methyl-5-(2-oxo-3-bornylidene)-sulfonic acid and salts        thereof.

Typical UV-A filters are, in particular, derivatives of benzoyl methanesuch as, for example,1-(4′-tert.butylphenyl)-3-(4′-methoxyphenyl)-propane-1,3-dione,4-tert.butyl4′-methoxydibenzoyl methane (Parsol® 1789) or1-phenyl-3-(4′-isopropylphenyl)-propane-1,3-dione and the enaminecompounds described in DE 19712033 A1 (BASF). The UV-A and UV-B filtersmay of course also be used in the form of mixtures. Particularlyfavorable combinations consist of the derivatives of benzoyl methane,for example 4-tert.butyl4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane (Parsol® 1789) and2-cyano-3,3-phenylcinnamic acid-2-ethyl hexyl ester (Octocrylene) incombination with esters of cinnamic acid, preferably 4-methoxycinnamicacid-2-ethyl hexyl ester and/or 4-methoxycinnamic acid propyl esterand/or 4-methoxycinnamic acid isoamyl ester. Combinations such as theseare advantageously combined with water-soluble filters such as, forexample, 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid and alkali metal,alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium andglucammonium salts thereof.

Besides the soluble substances mentioned, insoluble light-blockingpigments, i.e. finely dispersed metal oxides or salts, may also be usedfor this purpose. Examples of suitable metal oxides are, in particular,zinc oxide and titanium dioxide and also oxides of iron, zirconiumoxide, silicon, manganese, aluminium and cerium and mixtures thereof.Silicates (talcum), barium sulfate and zinc stearate may be used assalts. The oxides and salts are used in the form of the pigments forskin-care and skin-protecting emulsions and decorative cosmetics. Theparticles should have a mean diameter of less than 100 nm, preferablybetween 5 and 50 nm and more preferably between 15 and 30 nm. They maybe spherical in shape although ellipsoidal particles or othernon-spherical particles may also be used. The pigments may also besurface-treated, i.e. hydrophilicized or hydrophobicized. Typicalexamples are coated titanium dioxides, for example Titandioxid T 805(Degussa) and Eusolex® T2000 (Merck). Suitable hydrophobic coatingmaterials are, above all, silicones and, among these, especiallytrialkoxyoctylsilanes or simethicones. So-called micro- or nanopigmentsare preferably used in sun protection products. Micronized zinc oxide ispreferably used.

Besides the two groups of primary sun protection factors mentionedabove, secondary sun protection factors of the antioxidant type may alsobe used. Secondary sun protection factors of the antioxidant typeinterrupt the photochemical reaction chain which is initiated when UVrays penetrate into the skin. Typical examples are amino acids (forexample glycine, histidine, tyrosine, tryptophane) and derivativesthereof, imidazoles (for example urocanic acid) and derivatives thereof,peptides, such as D,L-carnosine, D-carnosine, L-carnosine andderivatives thereof (for example anserine), carotinoids, carotenes (forexample α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene) and derivatives thereof,chlorogenic acid and derivatives thereof, liponic acid and derivativesthereof (for example dihydroliponic acid), aurothioglucose,propylthiouracil and other thiols (for example thioredoxine,glutathione, cysteine, cystine, cystamine and glycosyl, N-acetyl,methyl, ethyl, propyl, amyl, butyl and lauryl, palmitoyl, oleyl,β-linoleyl, cholesteryl and glyceryl esters thereof) and their salts,dilaurylthiodipropionate, distearylthiodipropionate, thiodipropionicacid and derivatives thereof (esters, ethers, peptides, lipids,nucleotides, nucleosides and salts) and sulfoximine compounds (forexample butionine sulfoximines, homocysteine sulfoximine, butioninesulfones, penta-, hexa- and hepta-thionine sulfoximine) in very smallcompatible dosages (for example pmol to μmol/kg), also (metal) chelators(for example α-hydroxyfatty acids, palmitic acid, phytic acid,lactoferrine), α-hydroxy acids (for example citric acid, lactic acid,malic acid), humic acid, bile acid, bile extracts, bilirubin,biliverdin, EDTA, EGTA and derivatives thereof, unsaturated fatty acidsand derivatives thereof (for example γ-linolenic acid, linoleic acid,oleic acid), folic acid and derivatives thereof, ubiquinone andubiquinol and derivatives thereof, vitamin C and derivatives thereof(for example ascorbyl palmitate, Mg ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbylacetate), tocopherols and derivatives (for example vitamin E acetate),vitamin A and derivatives (vitamin A palmitate) and coniferyl benzoateof benzoin resin, rutinic acid and derivatives thereof, α-glycosylrutin, ferulic acid, furfurylidene glucitol, carnosine, butylhydroxytoluene, butyl hydroxyanisole, nordihydroguaiac resin acid,nordihydroguaiaretic acid, trihydroxybutyrophenone, uric acid andderivatives thereof, mannose and derivatives thereof, superoxidedismutase, zinc and derivatives thereof (for example ZnO, ZnSO₄),selenium and derivatives thereof (for example selenium methionine),stilbenes and derivatives thereof (for example stilbene oxide,trans-stilbene oxide) and derivatives of these active substancessuitable for the purposes of the invention (salts, esters, ethers,sugars, nucleotides, nucleosides, peptides and lipids).

Biogenic Agents

In the context of the invention, biogenic agents are, for example,tocopherol, tocopherol acetate, tocopherol palmitate, ascorbic acid,(deoxy)ribonucleic acid and fragmentation products thereof, β-glucans,retinol, bisabolol, allantoin, phytantriol, panthenol, AHA acids, aminoacids, ceramides, pseudoceramides, essential oils, plant extracts, forexample prunus extract, bambara nut extract, and vitamin complexes.

Deodorants and Germ Inhibitors

Cosmetic deodorants counteract, mask or eliminate body odors. Body odorsare formed through the action of skin bacteria on apocrine perspirationwhich results in the formation of unpleasant-smelling degradationproducts. Accordingly, deodorants contain active principles which act asgerm inhibitors, enzyme inhibitors, odor absorbers or odor maskers.

-   -   Germ inhibitors        -   Basically, suitable germ inhibitors are any substances which            act against gram-positive bacteria such as, for example,            4-hydroxybenzoic acid and salts and esters thereof,            N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N′-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-urea,            2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxydiphenylether (triclosan),            4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol,            2,2′-methylene-bis-(6-bromo-4-chlorophenol),            3-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-phenol, 2-benzyl-4-chlorophenol,            3-(4-chlorophenoxy)-propane-1,2-diol, 3-iodo-2-propinyl            butyl carbamate, chlorhexidine, 3,4,4′-trichlorocarbanilide            (TTC), antibacterial perfumes, thymol, thyme oil, eugenol,            clove oil, menthol, mint oil, farnesol, phenoxyethanol,            glycerol monocaprate, glycerol monocaprylate, glycerol            monolaurate (GML), diglycerol monocaprate (DMC), salicylic            acid-N-alkylamides such as, for example, salicylic            acid-n-octyl amide or salicylic acid-n-decyl amide.    -   Enzyme inhibitors        -   Suitable enzyme inhibitors are, for example, esterase            inhibitors. Esterase inhibitors are preferably trialkyl            citrates, such as trimethyl citrate, tripropyl citrate,            triisopropyl citrate, tributyl citrate and, in particular,            triethyl citrate (Hydagen® CAT). Esterase inhibitors inhibit            enzyme activity and thus reduce odor formation. Other            esterase inhibitors are sterol sulfates or phosphates such            as, for example, lanosterol, cholesterol, campesterol,            stigmasterol and sitosterol sulfate or phosphate,            dicarboxylic acids and esters thereof, for example glutaric            acid, glutaric acid monoethyl ester, glutaric acid diethyl            ester, adipic acid, adipic acid monoethyl ester, adipic acid            diethyl ester, malonic acid and malonic acid diethyl ester,            hydroxycarboxylic acids and esters thereof, for example            citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid or tartaric acid            diethyl ester, and zinc glycinate.    -   Odor absorbers        -   Suitable odor absorbers are substances which are capable of            absorbing and largely retaining the odor-forming compounds.            They reduce the partial pressure of the individual            components and thus also reduce the rate at which they            spread. An important requirement in this regard is that            perfumes must remain unimpaired. Odor absorbers are not            active against bacteria. They contain, for example, a            complex zinc salt of ricinoleic acid or special perfumes of            largely neutral odor known to the expert as “fixateurs” such            as, for example, extracts of ladanum or styrax or certain            abietic acid derivatives as their principal component. Odor            maskers are perfumes or perfume oils which, besides their            odor-masking function, impart their particular perfume note            to the deodorants. Suitable perfume oils are, for example,            mixtures of natural and synthetic perfumes. Natural perfumes            include the extracts of blossoms, stems and leaves, fruits,            fruit peel, roots, woods, herbs and grasses, needles and            branches, resins and balsams. Animal raw materials, for            example civet and beaver, may also be used. Typical            synthetic perfume compounds are products of the ester,            ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type.            Examples of perfume compounds of the ester type are benzyl            acetate, p-tert.butyl cyclohexylacetate, linalyl acetate,            phenyl ethyl acetate, linalyl benzoate, benzyl formate,            allyl cyclohexyl propionate, styrallyl propionate and benzyl            salicylate. Ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether            while aldehydes include, for example, the linear alkanals            containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms, citral, citronellal,            citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamen aldehyde,            hydroxycitronellal, lilial and bourgeonal. Examples of            suitable ketones are the ionones and methyl cedryl ketone.            Suitable alcohols are anethol, citronellol, eugenol,            isoeugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and            terpineol. The hydrocarbons mainly include the terpenes and            balsams. However, it is preferred to use mixtures of            different perfume compounds which, together, produce an            agreeable fragrance. Other suitable perfume oils are            essential oils of relatively low volatility which are mostly            used as aroma components. Examples are sage oil, camomile            oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil,            lime-blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olibanum            oil, galbanum oil, ladanum oil and lavendin oil. The            following are preferably used either individually or in the            form of mixtures: bergamot oil, dihydromyrcenol, lilial,            lyral, citronellol, phenylethyl alcohol,            α-hexylcinnamaldehyde, geraniol, benzyl acetone, cyclamen            aidehyde, linalool, Boisambrene Forte, Ambroxan, indole,            hedione, sandelice, citrus oil, mandarin oil, orange oil,            allylamyl glycolate, cyclovertal, lavendin oil, clary oil,            β-damascone, geranium oil bourbon, cyclohexyl salicylate,            Vertofix Coeur, Iso-E-Super, Fixolide NP, evernyl, iraldein            gamma, phenylacetic acid, geranyl acetate, benzyl acetate,            rose oxide, romillat, irotyl and floramat.    -   Antiperspirants        -   Antiperspirants reduce perspiration and thus counteract            underarm wetness and body odor by influencing the activity            of the eccrine sweat glands. Aqueous or water-free            antiperspirant formulations typically contain the following            ingredients:            -   astringent active principles,            -   oil components,            -   nonionic emulsifiers,            -   co-emulsifiers,            -   consistency factors,            -   auxiliaries in the form of, for example, thickeners or                complexing agents and/or            -   non-aqueous solvents such as, for example, ethanol,                propylene glycol and/or glycerol.        -   Suitable astringent active principles of antiperspirants            are, above all, salts of aluminium, zirconium or zinc.            Suitable antihydrotic agents of this type are, for example,            aluminium chloride, aluminium chlorohydrate, aluminium            dichlorohydrate, aluminium sesquichlorohydrate and complex            compounds thereof, for example with 1,2-propylene glycol,            aluminium hydroxyallantoinate, aluminium chloride tartrate,            aluminium zirconium trichlorohydrate, aluminium zirconium            tetrachlorohydrate, aluminium zirconium pentachlorohydrate            and complex compounds thereof, for example with amino acids,            such as glycine. Oil-soluble and water-soluble auxiliaries            typically encountered in antiperspirants may also be present            in relatively small amounts. Oil-soluble auxiliaries such as            these include, for example,            -   inflammation-inhibiting, skin-protecting or                pleasant-smelling essential oils,            -   synthetic skin-protecting agents and/or            -   oil-soluble perfume oils.        -   Typical water-soluble additives are, for example,            preservatives, water-soluble perfumes, pH adjusters, for            example buffer mixtures, water-soluble thickeners, for            example water-soluble natural or synthetic polymers such as,            for example, xanthan gum, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinyl            pyrrolidone or high molecular weight polyethylene oxides.            Film Formers

Standard film formers are, for example, chitosan, microcrystallinechitosan, quaternized chitosan, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymers, polymers of the acrylic acidseries, quaternary cellulose derivatives, collagen, hyaluronic acid andsalts thereof and similar compounds.

Antidandruff Agents

Suitable antidandruff agents are Pirocton Olamin(1-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-2-(1 H )-pyrid inonemonoethanolamine salt), Baypival® (Climbazole), Ketoconazol®(4-acetyl-1{4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) r-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxylan-c-4-ylmethoxy-phenyl}-piperazine,ketoconazole, elubiol, selenium disulfide, colloidal sulfur, sulfurpolyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate, sulfur ricinol polyethoxylate,sulfur tar distillate, salicylic acid (or in combination withhexachlorophene), undecylenic acid, monoethanolamide sulfosuccinate Nasalt, Lamepon® UD (protein/undecylenic acid condensate), zincpyrithione, aluminium pyrithione and magnesium pyrithione/dipyrithionemagnesium sulfate.

Swelling Agents

Suitable swelling agents for aqueous phases are montmorillonites, clayminerals, Pemulen and alkyl-modified Carbopol types (Goodrich). Othersuitable polymers or swelling agents can be found in R. Lochhead'sreview in Cosm. Toil. 108, 95 (1993).

Insect Repellents

Suitable insect repellents are N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, pentane-1,2-diolor 3-(N-n-butyl-N-acetylamino)-propionic acid ethyl ester), which ismarketed under the name of Insect Repellent® 3535 by Merck KGaA, andbutyl acetylaminopropionate.

Self-Tanning Agents and Depigmenting Agents

A suitable self-tanning agent is dihydroxyacetone. Suitable tyrosineinhibitors which prevent the formation of melanin and are used indepigmenting agents are, for example, arbutin, ferulic acid, koji acid,coumaric acid and ascorbic acid (vitamin C).

Hydrotropes

In addition, hydrotropes, for example ethanol, isopropyl alcohol orpolyols, may be used to improve flow behavior. Suitable polyolspreferably contain 2 to 15 carbon atoms and at least two hydroxylgroups. The polyols may contain other functional groups, more especiallyamino groups, or may be modified with nitrogen. Typical examples are

-   -   glycerol;    -   alkylene glycols such as, for example, ethylene glycol,        diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene        glycol and polyethylene glycols with an average molecular weight        of 100 to 1000 dalton;    -   technical oligoglycerol mixtures with a degree of        self-condensation of 1.5 to 10 such as, for example, technical        diglycerol mixtures with a diglycerol content of 40 to 50% by        weight;    -   methylol compounds such as, in particular, trimethylol ethane,        trimethylol propane, trimethylol butane, pentaerythritol and        dipenta-erythritol;    -   lower alkyl glucosides, particularly those containing 1 to 8        carbon atoms in the alkyl group, for example methyl and butyl        glucoside;    -   sugar alcohols containing 5 to 12 carbon atoms, for example        sorbitol or mannitol,    -   sugars containing 5 to 12 carbon atoms, for example glucose or        sucrose;    -   amino sugars, for example glucamine;    -   dialcoholamines, such as diethanolamine or 2-aminopropane-1        ,3-diol.        Preservatives

Suitable preservatives are, for example, phenoxyethanol, formal-dehydesolution, parabens, pentanediol or sorbic acid and the silver complexesknown under the name of Surfacine® and the other classes of compoundslisted in Appendix 6, Parts A and B of the Kosmetikverordnung(“Cosmetics Directive”).

Perfume Oils and Aromas

Suitable perfume oils are mixtures of natural and synthetic perfumes.Natural perfumes include the extracts of blossoms (lily, lavender, rose,jasmine, neroli, ylang-ylang), stems and leaves (geranium, patchouli,petitgrain), fruits (anise, coriander, caraway, juniper), fruit peel(bergamot, lemon, orange), roots (nutmeg, angelica, celery, cardamom,costus, iris, calmus), woods (pinewood, sandalwood, guaiac wood,cedarwood, rosewood), herbs and grasses (tarragon, lemon grass, sage,thyme), needles and branches (spruce, fir, pine, dwarf pine), resins andbalsams (galbanum, elemi, benzoin, myrrh, olibanum, opoponax). Animalraw materials, for example civet and beaver, may also be used. Typicalsynthetic perfume compounds are products of the ester, ether, aldehyde,ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type. Examples of perfume compounds ofthe ester type are benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate,p-tert.butyl cyclohexylacetate, linalyl acetate, dimethyl benzylcarbinyl acetate, phenyl ethyl acetate, linalyl benzoate, benzylformate, ethylmethyl phenyl gly-cinate, allyl cyclohexyl propionate,styrallyl propionate and benzyl salicylate. Ethers include, for example,benzyl ethyl ether while aldehydes include, for example, the linearalkanals containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms, citral, citronellal,citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamen aldehyde, hydroxy-citronellal,lilial and bourgeonal. Examples of suitable ketones are the ionones,α-isomethylionone and methyl cedryl ketone. Suitable alcohols areanethol, citronellol, eugenol, isoeugenol, geraniol, linalool,phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol. The hydrocarbons mainly include theterpenes and balsams. However, it is preferred to use mixtures ofdifferent perfume compounds which, together, produce an agreeableperfume. Other suitable perfume oils are essential oils of relativelylow volatility which are mostly used as aroma components. Examples aresage oil, camomile oil, clove oil, melissa oil, mint oil, cinnamon leafoil, lime-blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olibanum oil,galbanum oil, ladanum oil and lavendin oil. The following are preferablyused either individually or in the form of mixtures: bergamot oil,dihydromyrcenol, lilial, lyral, citronellol, phenylethyl alcohol,α-hexylcinnamaldehyde, geraniol, benzyl acetone, cyclamen aldehyde,linalool, Boisambrene Forte, Ambroxan, indole, hedione, sandelice,citrus oil, mandarin oil, orange oil, allylamyl glycolate, cyclovertal,lavendin oil, clary oil, β-damascone, geranium oil bourbon, cyclohexylsalicylate, Vertofix Coeur, Iso-E-Super, Fixolide NP, evernyl, iraldeingamma, phenylacetic acid, geranyl acetate, benzyl acetate, rose oxide,romillat, irotyl and floramat.

Suitable aromas are, for example, peppermint oil, spearmint oil, aniseedoil, Japanese anise oil, caraway oil, eucalyptus oil, fennel oil, citrusoil, wintergreen oil, clove oil, menthol and the like.

Dyes

Suitable dyes are any of the substances suitable and approved forcosmetic purposes. Examples include cochineal red A (C.I. 16255), patentblue V (C.I. 42051), indigotin (C.I. 73015), chlorophyllin (C.I. 75810),quinoline yellow (C.I. 47005), titanium dioxide (C.I. 77891),indanthrene blue RS (C.I. 69800) and madder lake (C.I. 58000). Luminolmay also be present as a luminescent dye. These dyes are normally usedin concentrations of 0.001 to 0.1% by weight, based on the mixture as awhole.

EXAMPLE

2-Methylpropane-1,3-diol lauryl monoester

Reaction I 3 mol = 270.30 g 2-methylpropane-1,3-diol II 1 mol = 200.32 glauric acid III      1.4 g SnO

In a 1-liter flask equipped with a water separator and a nitrogen inlet,the mixture (I+II+III) is left to react for several hours at 220° C.until no more water is formed. After cooling of the reaction mixture,Tonsil is added and the catalyst and the Tonsil are then removed byfiltration through a D2 glass nutsch filter. The crude product of 60%monoester, 11% diester and 28% 2-methylpropane-1,3-diol is distilledthrough a 250 mm Vigreux column at a bottom temperature of 230° C. and avapor temperature of 212° C./0.03 mPa to increase the monoester contentto 98%.

1-7. (canceled)
 8. A composition comprising: (a) at least one2-methylpropane-1,3-diol monoester; (b) optionally, asurfactant/emulsifier; (c) optionally, an oil component; and (d)optionally, water.
 9. The composition of claim 8 wherein (a) is presentin the composition in an amount of from about 0.1 to 40% by weight,based on the weight of the composition.
 10. The composition of claim 8wherein (a) is present in the composition in an amount of from about 0.1to 30% by weight, based on the weight of the composition.
 11. Thecomposition of claim 8 wherein (b) is present in the composition in anamount of from about 0.1 to 20% by weight, based on the weight of thecomposition.
 12. The composition of claim 8 wherein (c) is present inthe composition in an amount of from about 0.1 to 40% by weight, basedon the weight of the composition.
 13. A process for treating human skinor hair comprising contacting said skin or hair with a compositioncontaining: (a) at least one 2-methylpropane-1 ,3-diol monoester; (b)optionally, a surfactant/emulsifier; (c) optionally, an oil component;and (d) optionally, water.
 14. The process of claim 13 wherein (a) ispresent in the composition in an amount of from about 0.1 to 40% byweight, based on the weight of the composition.
 15. The process of claim13 wherein (a) is present in the composition in an amount of from about0.1 to 30% by weight, based on the weight of the composition.
 16. Theprocess of claim 13 wherein (b) is present in the composition in anamount of from about 0.1 to 20% by weight, based on the weight of thecomposition.
 17. The process of claim 13 wherein (c) is present in thecomposition in an amount of from about 0.1 to 40% by weight, based onthe weight of the composition.
 18. A process for making a monoester of2-methylpropane-1,3-diol comprising: (a) providing2-methylpropane-1,3-diol; (b) providing a C₆₋₃₀ carboxylic acid; (c)optionally, providing a catalyst selected from the group consisting oftin, zinc oxide, acid, and mixtures thereof; (d) esterifying the2-methylpropane-1,3-diol with the carboxylic acid, optionally in thepresence of the catalyst, to form the monoester of2-methylpropane-1,3-diol, until water formation ceases; (e) filteringoff the monoester of 2-methylpropane-1,3-diol; and (f) purifying themonoester of 2-methylpropane-1,3-diol by fractional distillation.